The Idea of Religious Minorities and Social Cohesion in India’s Constitution: Reflections on the Indian Experience

India has many religious groups, of which Hindus are a majority, and Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists Jains minorities. India’s Constitution, adopted in 1950, departed from the existing norms secularism Europe elsewhere, suggested strict separation religion state. Moreover, freedom is Fundamental Right guaranteed under Indian Constitution. With its distinct model special provisions for minorities, social cohesion arrangement needs attention. On one hand, understanding context led to advancement pluralism. At same time, it invited criticism selective intervention affairs communities governments power. The challenged exclusivity secularism. This article evaluates constitutional theoretical ideas underlying on minorities enshrined It appraises idea constitution through discussion process that shaped idea. reflects experience managing rights religion. By analysing landmark judgement related whether Constitution advances by balancing or remains ineffective achieving same.